锻坯去氧化皮工艺方案对比｜Descaling Billets: High-Pressure Water versus Mechanical
摘要：氧化皮带入模腔被压入锻件，形成表面凹坑并加速模具磨损。对比高压水除鳞与机械去氧化皮的工艺参数和优缺点，强调除鳞后必须尽快锻打，否则高温坯料会迅速二次氧化。
Abstract: Scale carried into the impression is pressed into the part and wears the die. High-pressure water descaling against mechanical brushing: parameters, trade-offs, and why a descaled billet that waits in air loses the benefit.
正文： 坯料高温加热后生成氧化铁皮，如果带入模腔，锻打被压入锻件，造成表面凹坑缺陷，同时加速模具磨损。去氧化皮一般布置在加热完成，锻打成型之前。
Main text: Heating produces an iron oxide layer on the billet. Carry that into the impression and the blow presses it into the part as surface pits, while the same scale abrades the die. Descaling therefore sits between the furnace and the press.
一、高压水除鳞
1. High-pressure water descaling
利用高压水流冲击高温坯料，氧化皮遇水急剧冷却收缩爆裂脱落。工艺要点：坯料温度不能过低；水压满足工艺要求；喷射覆盖坯料全部表面；除鳞完成尽快转运锻打，减少再次氧化。优势：除鳞干净；缺点现场产生水汽，需要做好排水。
A high-pressure jet strikes the hot billet; the scale cools and contracts sharply against the steel and breaks away. The process points: billet temperature must not be too low, water pressure must meet the specification, the spray must cover the whole surface, and the billet must reach the press quickly afterwards. It cleans thoroughly. The cost is steam and water on the floor, which needs drainage and ventilation.
二、机械打击 / 辊刷去氧化皮
2. Mechanical knocking or roller brushing
依靠机械力剥落氧化皮，现场没有大量水。缺点顽固氧化皮清理不彻底。
Mechanical force breaks the scale off and there is no water to deal with. The weakness is that stubborn, adherent scale survives.
三、最容易白做的一步：除鳞后长时间等待
3. The step that wastes the whole operation
工艺注意：不要除鳞之后长时间放置等待锻打，空气中高温坯料会快速再次生成新氧化皮，失去除鳞意义。
Do not let a descaled billet stand. A hot billet in air regrows oxide within seconds, and the descaling operation has bought nothing.
质量判定：观察坯料表面，无大片附着氧化皮即为合格。
Acceptance is visual: no large patches of adhering scale on the billet surface.
小结 优先高压水除鳞工艺，除鳞后坯料快速进入锻打，避免二次氧化；根据现场工况条件选择适配方案。
In short. Prefer high-pressure water descaling, and get the billet into the press immediately afterwards so it cannot re-oxidise. Choose the method that fits the conditions you actually have.
