锻件表面清理处理工艺｜Surface Cleaning of Forgings: Shot Blast, Sand Blast, Grinding
摘要：热锻件表面的氧化皮与切边毛刺需要清理。抛丸最常用，时间过短清不净、过长损伤尺寸；喷砂适合精密小件；打磨只处理局部，深沟槽会成为应力集中源。
Abstract: Hot forgings come out with scale and trimming burrs. Shot blasting is the workhorse, but too short leaves scale and too long damages dimensions. Sand blasting suits small precision parts; grinding is local, and a deep groove becomes a stress raiser.
正文： 热锻完成锻件表面覆盖氧化皮，还有切边残留毛刺，需要表面处理，满足外观、后续机加工或者涂装要求。
Main text: A hot forging leaves the line covered in scale, with burrs left from trimming. Surface cleaning is what makes it acceptable for appearance, for machining, or for coating.
一、抛丸处理：锻造厂的主力方案
1. Shot blasting: the standard route
钢丸高速击打工件，打掉氧化皮，是锻造厂最常用方案。工艺参数：钢丸粒度、抛射时间；时间太短氧化皮清理不干净；时间过长造成锻件表面过抛，尺寸受损。注意区分不同锻件材质选择钢丸。
Steel shot is thrown at speed and knocks the scale off, which is why it is the most common method in forging shops. The parameters are shot size and blasting time. Too short and scale remains; too long and the surface is over-blasted, with dimensional loss at edges and thin sections. Shot selection also has to suit the forging material.
二、喷砂与打磨
2. Sand blasting and grinding
喷砂处理：适合精密小件，清理更细腻，效率比抛丸低。
Sand blasting suits small precision parts. The finish is finer, and the throughput is lower than shot blasting.
打磨处理：针对局部毛刺、缺陷位置，手工或者砂轮机打磨；打磨不能过度，不能出现深打磨沟槽，沟槽会成为应力集中源。
Grinding is for local burrs and blemishes, by hand or with a pedestal grinder. It must not be taken too far: a deep grinding groove becomes a stress raiser, which is a fatigue crack waiting to start.
三、工艺管控
3. Control
抛丸之后检查表面，氧化皮完全去除；打磨部位做好检查，禁止深沟槽；处理完成做好防护，避免再次生锈。
After blasting, check that scale is fully removed. After grinding, check that no deep groove remains. And protect the cleaned surface, or it will rust before the next operation.
小结 表面处理以清除氧化皮毛刺为目标，既要清理干净，又要避免过抛、过打磨损伤锻件基体。
In short. The objective is scale and burr removal, nothing more. Clean it properly, and stop before over-blasting or over-grinding starts removing the forging itself.
