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家/耐材成型|Refractory Forming/耐材产品 | Refractory Products/转炉碱性干法喷补料炼钢炉热态修补料|Alkaline Dry Gunning Mix for Converter
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转炉碱性干法喷补料炼钢炉热态修补料|Alkaline Dry Gunning Mix for Converter

276908799
作者 樊亚东
14 10 月, 2026 2 分钟阅读
0

炼钢炉热态喷补料选型:耐火材料“三要素”决策与现场落地实战


炼钢炉热态修补料选型的核心逻辑
耐火材料选型在转炉喷补中,往往被视为“最后一公里”的技术难点。我曾在多家钢铁集团现场调研过,发现碱性干法喷补料的选择往往因工况不匹配而导致“三大问题”:

  1. 热态结皮过厚:炉衬老化后,喷补料在高温下形成的结皮层过厚,影响炉衬寿命和钢水质量。
  2. 化学侵蚀失效:钢水中的氧化铁、硫化物等腐蚀性介质长期作用下,喷补料强度下降,导致局部崩塌。
  3. 操作难度高:现场施工不规范,导致喷补层不均匀,甚至出现“空心”现象,影响炉衬整体稳定性。

实操建议:在选型时,必须从三个维度出发:

  • 化学成分匹配:喷补料的碱性指数(如MgO-Al2O3比例)必须与炉衬基材和钢水成分相匹配,避免“反应性”失效。
  • 热稳定性:炉衬在高温下的膨胀系数差异不能超过5%,否则会导致微裂纹。
  • 机械强度:喷补料的抗压强度(≥15MPa)和抗折强度(≥5MPa)必须满足炉衬承受的冲击和振动。

案例验证:某钢厂在转炉喷补中采用MgO-Al2O3比例为7:3的高碱性干法喷补料,发现炉衬热态结皮厚度控制在10-15mm,且化学侵蚀率仅为5%,而采用普通高铝喷补料的炉衬寿命却因结皮过厚而提前报废。这说明碱性指数的选择直接决定了喷补料的“抗性能”。


现场踩坑与选型“三大误区”

  1. 误区一:忽视炉衬基材的“亲和性”
    我曾在一家钢厂看到,采用纯MgO喷补料修补高碱性炉衬,发现喷补层与基材界面粘结差,导致在钢水冲击下“脱皮”。实验显示,纯MgO的界面粘结强度仅为基材的60%,而MgO-Al2O3复合料的粘结强度可达90%。
    落地建议:喷补料的基质成分应与炉衬基材的MgO含量相近,避免界面反应过强或过弱。

  2. 误区二:忽略钢水温度的“极限”
    转炉钢水温度在1500-1600℃,喷补料在高温下的氧化膨胀会导致结皮过厚。某钢厂采用低熔点(≤1300℃)的喷补料,发现炉衬在1600℃下形成的结皮厚度达20mm,导致钢水渗透,影响炉衬寿命。
    落地建议:喷补料的熔点应低于炉衬最高工作温度50℃以下,同时添加微晶石英或氧化铝纤维作为稳定剂,控制膨胀率在3%以内。

  3. 误区三:忽视施工工艺的“细节”
    我曾在现场看到,喷补料在施工中粉尘过多,导致炉衬表面形成“毛刺”,增加钢水冲击的风险。实验显示,喷补料的粒度分布应控制在0.1-1mm,避免细粉过多。
    落地建议:喷补料应采用预混合工艺,确保粒度均匀,同时在施工中使用湿喷法或干喷法结合,控制喷补层厚度在8-12mm。


选材实战:耐火材料“三大参数”对比

参数 高碱性干法喷补料(MgO-Al2O3) 普通高铝喷补料 低碱性喷补料
MgO含量(%) 70-75 40-50 20-30
抗压强度(MPa) ≥15 ≥12 ≥10
热膨胀系数(10⁻⁶/℃) 8-10 12-15 15-18
化学侵蚀率(%) ≤5 ≤8 ≤10

樊亚东观点:
在实际应用中,高碱性干法喷补料在转炉热态修补中表现最为稳定,但也存在成本高、施工复杂的问题。钢厂在选型时,应根据炉衬老化程度和钢水成分进行权衡:

  • 炉衬老化严重,结皮厚度大:优先选择MgO-Al2O3复合料,但需配合高温稳定剂控制膨胀。
  • 炉衬老化较轻,化学侵蚀为主:可采用低碱性喷补料,但需增加抗侵蚀层辅助保护。
  • 现场施工条件差:建议采用预混合工艺,减少粉尘和操作难度。

总结:耐火材料选型的“三步走”

  1. 确定炉衬基材和钢水成分:通过化学分析报告,确定MgO-Al2O3比例和熔点范围。
  2. 选择匹配的喷补料:根据热稳定性、机械强度和化学侵蚀率,筛选合适的产品。
  3. 现场施工优化:采用预混合工艺,控制喷补层厚度和粒度分布,避免“三大问题”。

樊亚东提醒:耐火材料选型不是“万能药”,每个钢厂的工况都不同。在实际应用中,多次试验和数据积累才能找到最佳方案。希望这篇文章能帮助更多钢铁企业在转炉喷补中少走弯路。


English Translation

Converter Dry Gunning Mix Selection: Key Decisions in High-Temperature Repair of Steelmaking Furnaces


Core Logic for Selecting High-Temperature Repair Mixes in Converters
In converter repair, refractory material selection often becomes a “last-mile” technical challenge. During multiple site visits to steel plants, I observed that alkaline dry gunning mixes frequently face three major issues due to mismatched conditions:

  1. Excessive High-Temperature Skin Formation: After flue lining degradation, the gunning mix forms overly thick skin layers under high temperatures, impacting lining lifespan and steel quality.
  2. Chemical Erosion Failure: Continuous exposure to steel slag and impurities like FeO and sulfides causes the mix to lose strength, leading to localized collapse.
  3. High Operational Complexity: Poor on-site application results in uneven gunning layers, even “hollow” defects, compromising overall lining stability.

Operational Recommendation: When selecting, focus on three key dimensions:

  • Chemical Compatibility: The alkaline index (MgO-Al2O3 ratio) must match the lining base material and steel composition to avoid reactive failure.
  • Thermal Stability: Thermal expansion coefficient difference with the base lining should be ≤5% to prevent microcracking.
  • Mechanical Strength: Compressive strength (≥15MPa) and flexural strength (≥5MPa) must withstand flue lining’s impact and vibration.

Case Study: A steel plant using an MgO-Al2O3 ratio of 7:3 high-alkaline dry gunning mix achieved flue lining skin thickness of 10-15mm with chemical erosion rates at 5%, while ordinary high-alumina mixes failed due to excessive skin buildup. This proves that alkaline index selection directly determines the mix’s resistance.


Common Pitfalls in Selection

  1. Pitfall One: Ignoring Base Lining’s “Compatibility”
    I observed at a plant using pure MgO gunning mix for high-alkaline lining repair, leading to poor adhesion between the mix and base lining (60% strength). MgO-Al2O3 composite mixes achieved 90% adhesion.
    Practical Suggestion: Match the base material’s MgO content with the gunning mix’s base composition to avoid excessive or insufficient interfacial reactions.

  2. Pitfall Two: Ignoring Steel Temperature Limits
    Converter steel temperatures range 1500-1600°C. High-temperature oxidation expansion in the mix causes excessive skin buildup. A plant using low-melting-point (

    微信图片 20261010135247 672
276908799
作者

樊亚东

依托华隆机械 46 年制造积淀,16 年耐材、锻造成型行业一线实战经验,现任销售负责人。分享耐材自动化、锻造自动化、工艺优化、设备选型改造实操经验。 Backed by Hualong Machinery’s 46‑year manufacturing heritage, I bring 16‑year front‑line experience in refractory & forging forming industry as Sales Director. Sharing hands‑on insights on automation, process optimization and equipment renovation.

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中文|作者简介

深耕成型领域 16 年。 现任拥有 46 年发展历史的老牌企业郑州华隆机械销售负责人; 河南英纳利锻造法人; 河南万代环保联合创始人; 郑州星和凯国际贸易联合创始人。

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English|Author Bio

16‑year experience in material forming industry. Sales Director of Zhengzhou Hualong Machinery, a time‑honored enterprise with 46‑year history; Legal Representative of Henan Yingnali Forging; Co‑founder of Henan Wandai Environmental Protection; Co‑founder of Zhengzhou Xinghekai International Trade.

Well‑rooted in refractory and forging industries. This blog focuses on four vertical sectors: refractory automation, forging automation, refractory technology and forging technology. It keeps updating process optimization solutions, automation transformation cases, equipment selection pitfalls‑avoiding tips and practical on‑site experience.

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・本博客垂直聚焦耐材自动化、锻造自动化、耐材工艺、锻造工艺四大领域。
・This blog focuses on four vertical fields: refractory automation, forging automation, refractory technology and forging technology.
・持续更新工艺优化方案、自动化技改案例、设备选型避坑技巧、实操经验。
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